Managing Lethal Browning and Microbial Contamination in Musa spp. Tissue Culture: Synthesis and Perspectives

Browning and contamination are regarded as the main constraints in plant tissue culture of Musa spp. that can hinder success propagation vitro. is caused by enzymatic reactions due to explant injury, while microbial phyllospheric, rhizospheric, endophytic microorganisms reside on, in, inside plants. When not properly addressed, they cause decreased regenerative ability, callus growth, inhibited adventitious shoot even death. To overcome browning problem, various attempts have been made vitro, e.g., immersing explants an anti-browning solution, incorporating compounds into medium, manipulating cultural practices. Correspondingly, control problem contamination, efforts made, for example, using methods, such thermotherapy, chemotherapy, cryotherapy, chemical agents, disinfectants, antiseptics, nanoparticles. This review aims investigate provide a comprehensive understanding causes well many approaches used problems cultures.